Rural Development An Indian Government Scheme In Hindi

SCHEME OF GOVT. OF INDIA FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT

INTRODUCTION -  mahaatma gaandhee raashtreey graameen rojagaar gaarantee adhiniyam (manarega / mnraig) bhaarat mein laagoo ek rojagaar gaarantee yojana hai, jise 25 agast 2005 ko vidhaan dvaara adhiniyamit kiya gaya. yah yojana pratyek vitteey varsh mein kisee bhee graameen parivaar ke un vayask sadasyon ko 100 din ka rojagaar upalabdh karaatee hai jo pratidin 220 rupaye kee saanvidhik nyoonatam majadooree par saarvajanik kaary-sambandhit akushal majadooree karane ke lie taiyaar hain. 2010-11 vitteey varsh mein is yojana ke lie kendr sarakaar ka parivyay 40,100 karod rupe tha.

is adhiniyam ko graameen logon kee kray shakti ko badhaane ke uddeshy se shuroo kiya gaya tha, mukhy roop se graameen bhaarat mein rahane vaale logon ke lie ardh-kaushalapoorn ya bina kaushalapoorn kaary, chaahe ve gareebee rekha se neeche hon ya na hon. niyat kaary bal ka kareeb ek tihaee mahilaon se nirmit hai. sarakaar ek kol sentar kholane kee yojana bana rahee hai, jisake shuroo hone par shulk mukt nambar 1800-345-22-44 par sampark kiya ja sakata hai. shuroo mein ise raashtreey graameen rojagaar gaarantee adhiniyam (nraig) kaha jaata tha, lekin 2 aktoobar 2009 ko isaka punah naamakaran kiya gaya.

Political background - Is adhiniyam ko vaam dal-samarthit samprag sarakaar dvaara laaya gaya tha. kaee logon ka maanana hai ki is pariyojana ka iraada bhaarateey aam chunaav, 2009 mein yoopeee ke jitney ke pramukh kaaranon mein se ek tha. Beljiyam mein janme aur dillee school of economics mein kaaryarat arthashaastree jyaan drej ki is act ke peechhe ek aham bhoomika hai.

MGNREGA ACT - yah adhiniyam, state govt. ko "manarega yojanaon" ko laagoo karane ke nirdesh deta hai. manarega ke tahat, kendr sarakaar majadooree kee laagat, maal kee laagat ka 3/4 aur prashaasanik laagat ka kuchh pratishat vahan karatee hai. raajy sarakaaren berojagaaree bhatta, maal kee laagat ka 1/4 aur raajy parishad kee prashaasanik laagat ko vahan karatee hai. choonki raajy sarakaaren berojagaaree bhatta detee hain, unhen shramikon ko rojagaar pradaan karane ke lie bhaaree protsaahan diya jaata hai.

haalaanki, berojagaaree bhatte kee raashi ko nishchit karana raajy sarakaar par nirbhar hai, jo is shart ke adheen hai ki yah pahale 30 dinon ke lie nyoonatam majadooree ke 1/4 bhaag se kam na ho aur usake baad nyoonatam majadooree ka 1/2 se kam na ho. prati parivaar 100 dinon ka rojagaar (ya berojagaaree bhatta) saksham aur ichchhuk shramikon ko har vitteey varsh mein pradaan kiya jaana chaahie.

PROCEDURE -  Graameen parivaaron ke vayask sadasy, graam panchaayat ke paas ek tasveer ke saath apana naam, umr aur pata jama karate hain. jaanch ke baad panchaayat, gharon ko panjeekrt karata hai aur ek job kaard pradaan karata hai. job kaard mein, panjeekrt vayask sadasy ka byaura aur usakee photo shaamil hotee hai. ek panjeekrt vyakti, ya to panchaayat ya kaaryakram adhikaaree ko likhit roop se (nirantar kaam ke kam se kam chaudah dinon ke lie) kaam karane ke lie ek aavedan prastut kar sakata hai. aavedan dainik berojagaaree bhatta aavedak ko bhugataan kiya jaega.

is adhiniyam ke tahat purushon aur mahilaon ke beech kisee bhee bhedabhaav kee anumati nahin hai. isalie, purushon aur mahilaon ko samaan vetan bhugataan kiya jaana chaahie. sabhee vayask rojagaar ke lie aavedan kar sakate hain.

HISTORY AND GRANT- Yeh yojana 2 faravaree 2006 ko 200 jilon mein shuroo kee gaee, jise 2007-2008 mein any 130 jilon mein vistaarit kiya gaya aur 1 aprail 2008 tak antatah bhaarat ke sabhee 593 jilon mein ise laagoo kar diya gaya. 2006-2007 mein parivyay 110 beeliyan rupe tha, jo 2009-2010 mein tezee se badhate hue 391 beeliyan roope ho gaya (pichhale 2008-2009 bajat kee tulana mein raashi mein 140% vrddhi). sabase pahale panchaayat dvaara ek prastaav blok kaaryaalay mein diya jaata hai aur phir blok kaaryaalay nirnay leta hai ki kaam manjoor kiya jaana chaahie ya nahin.

 

EXECUTION - India ka niyantrak evan mahaalekha pareekshak (seeejee) ne manarega ke kaaryaanvayan ke pradarshan lekhaapareeksha mein is adhiniyam ke kaaryaanvayan mein "badee kamiyon" ko paaya hai. is yojana ko pharavaree 2006 mein 200 jilon mein shuroo kiya gaya tha aur ant mein 593 jilon tak vistaarit kiya gaya. 2008-09 ke dauraan 4,49,40,870 graameen parivaaron ko manarega ke tahat rojagaar upalabdh karaaya gaya, jahaan pratyek parivaar mein 48 kaary divas ka raashtreey ausat tha.

 

WORK- manarega graameen vikaas aur rojagaar ke dohare lakshy ko praapt karata hai. manarega yah ullekh karata hai ki kaary ko graameen vikaas gatividhiyon ke ek vishisht set kee or unmukh hona chaahie jaise: jal sanrakshan aur sanchayan, vaneekaran, graameen sampark-tantr, baadh niyantran aur suraksha jisamen shaamil hai tatabandhon ka nirmaan aur marammat, aadi. nae taink/taalaabon kee khudaee, risaav taink aur chhote baandhon ke nirmaan ko bhee mahatv diya jaata hai. kaaryarat logon ko bhoomi samatal, vrkshaaropan jaise kaary pradaan kiye jaate hain. 

 

CRITICISM- is yojana kee kaaphee aalochana bhee huee hai aur tark diya gaya ki yah yojana bhee gareebee unmoolan kee any yojanaon se adhik prabhaavee nahin hai, jahaan pramukh apavaad raajasthaan hai.

pahalee aalochana vitteey hai. manarega, duniya mein apanee tarah kee sabase badee pahalon mein se ek hai[6]. vitteey varsh 2006-2007 ke lie raashtreey bajat 113 beeliyan rupe tha (lagabhag yooes$2.5bn aur sakal ghareloo utpaad ka lagabhag 0.3%) aur ab pooree tarah chaaloo hokar isakee laagat 2009-2010 vitteey varsh mein 391 beeliyan rupaye hai. jyaan drej va any logon ka sujhaav tha ki isaka vitt poshan unnat kar prashaasan aur sudhaaron ke maadhyam se kiya ja sakata hai, jabaki abhee tak kar-jeedeepee anupaat vaastav mein girata ja raha hai. aisee aashanka hai ki is yojana kee laagat jeedeepee ka 5% ho jaayegee.

ek any mahatvapoorn aalochana yah hai ki saarvajanik kaary yojanaon ka antim utpaad (jaise jal sanrakshan, bhoomi vikaas, vaneekaran, sinchaee pranaalee ka praavadhaan, sadak nirmaan, ya baadh niyantran) asurakshit hain jin par samaaj ke ameer varg kabja kar sakate hain. madhy pradesh mein manarega ke ek nigaraanee adhyayan mein dikhaaya gaya ki is yojana ke tahat kee ja rahee gatividhiyaan sabhee gaavon mein kamobesh maanakeekrt ho gaee thee, jisamen sthaaneey paraamarsh nahin ke baraabar tha.

aage kee chintaon mein yah tathy shaamil hai ki sthaaneey sarakaar ke bhrashtaachaar ke kaaran samaaj ke kuchh khaas vargon ko baahar rakha jaata hai. aisa bhee paaya gaya ki sthaaneey sarakaaron ne kaam mein lage vyaktiyon kee vaastavik sankhya se adhik naukaree kaardon ka daava kiya taaki aavashyakata se adhik phand ko haasil kiya ja sake, jise phir sthaaneey adhikaariyon dvaara gaban kar liya jaata hai. job kaard praapt karane ke lie 50 rupaye tak kee rishvat dee jaatee hai.

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